Process monitoring involves the continuous observation and measurement of key parameters and variables within a system or process. It enables real-time tracking and analysis of data to ensure that operations are running smoothly and efficiently. By monitoring critical factors such as performance indicators, quality metrics, and operational variables, process monitoring allows for timely detection of deviations or anomalies. This proactive approach helps organizations identify potential issues, make informed decisions, and take corrective actions to maintain optimal process performance and improve overall productivity.